Objective: We provide a review and analysis of much of the published literature on visual
perception issues that impact the design and use of head-mounted displays (HMDs) …

Glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are major excitatory and inhibitory
neurotransmitters in the vertebrate retina,“a genuine neural center”(Ramón y Cajal, 1964 …

The retina extracts visual features for transmission to the brain. Different types of bipolar cell
split the photoreceptor input into parallel channels and provide the excitatory drive for …

The mammalian visual system analyses the world through a set of separate spatio-temporal
channels,. The organization of these channels begins in the retina,, where the precise …

There has been tremendous progress in the engineering of tools designed to interact with
the nervous systems—from signal detection and processing to restoration and enhancement …

Phasic and tonic light responses provide a fundamental division of visual information that is
thought to originate in the inner retina. However, evidence presented here indicates that this …

The receptive field (RF) of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) consists of an excitatory central
region, the RF center, and an inhibitory peripheral region, the RF surround. It is still unknown …

The distinctive parasol ganglion cell of the primate retina transmits a transient, spectrally
nonopponent signal to the magnocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Parasol …

In less than a decade our knowledge of the GABA C receptor, a new type of Cl–-permeable
ionotropic GABA receptor, has greatly increased based on studies of both native and …

Dark and light adaptation of retinal neurons allow our vision to operate over an enormous
light intensity range. Here we report a mechanism that controls the light sensitivity and …