Natural history collections provide an immense record of biodiversity on Earth. These
repositories have traditionally been used to address fundamental questions in …

Genetic time‐series data from historical samples greatly facilitate inference of past
population dynamics and species evolution. Yet, although climate and landscape change …

The decreasing cost and increasing scope and power of emerging genomic technologies
are reshaping the field of molecular ecology. However, many modern genomic approaches …

Despite intense efforts, biodiversity around the globe continues to decrease. To cease this
phenomenon, we urgently need a better knowledge not only of the true extent of biodiversity …

Understanding individual‐level variation in response to the environment is fundamental to
understanding life‐history evolution and population dynamics. Telomeres, the protective …

Understanding the mechanisms underlying species formation and differentiation is a central
goal of evolutionary biology and a formidable challenge. This understanding can provide …

Background The gut microbiome (GM) can influence many biological processes in the host,
impacting its health and survival, but the GM can also be influenced by the host's traits. In …

Introgression, the incorporation of genetic material from one (sub) species into the gene pool
of another by means of hybridization and backcrossing, is a common phenomenon in birds …

Museum specimens play a crucial role in addressing key questions in systematics,
evolution, ecology, and conservation. With the advent of high‐throughput sequencing …

Population genomic tools have revolutionized many aspects of biology, as detailed
throughout the chapters of this volume. In particular, population genomics has provided key …