Craniofacial development involves several complex tissue movements including several
fusion processes to form the frontonasal and maxillary structures, including the upper lip and …

Abstract Development of the human skull and face is a highly orchestrated and complex
three-dimensional morphogenetic process, involving hundreds of genes controlling the …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders entailing
social and cognitive deficits, including marked problems with language. Numerous genes …

Supernumerary teeth represent a common human dental anomaly, defined as presence of
extra teeth-more than the normal number foreseen in primary or permanent dentition. The …

Care of individuals with syndromes affecting craniofacial and dental structures are mostly
treated by an interdisciplinary team from early childhood on. In addition to medical and …

Ranging from aplastic uterus (including Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser syndrome) to
incomplete septate uterus, uterine malformations as a group are relatively frequent in the …

Zebrafish is a model organism that affords experimental advantages toward investigating the
normal function of genes associated with congenital birth defects. Here we summarize …

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a disorder of sex development which
affects 1 in 4,500 females and is characterized by agenesis of müllerian structures, including …

Cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) delaminate from embryonic neural folds and migrate to
pharyngeal arches, which give rise to most mid-facial structures. CNCC dysfunction plays a …

Loss-of-function mutations in the MID1 gene cause a rare monogenic disorder, Opitz BBB/G
syndrome (OS), which is characterized by malformations of the ventral midline. The MID1 …