Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic renal dysfunction syndrome that is characterized
by nephron loss, inflammation, myofibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) …

Hypertension and type 2 diabetes are common comorbidities. Hypertension is twice as
frequent in patients with diabetes compared with those who do not have diabetes. Moreover …

Guzik and Touyz Oxidation and Inflammation in Vascular Aging 661 and endothelium. 22
Perivascular fibrosis is greatly dependent on immune cells because it is prevented in …

Significance: Intrarenal oxidative stress plays a critical role in the initiation and progression
of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Enhanced oxidative stress results from overproduction of …

Simple Summary The progressive nature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to micro-
and macro-vascular complications, including renal and cardiovascular disease. These …

Significance: Oxidative stress, an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production
versus consumption, may be involved in the pathogenesis of different diseases. The only …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in normal cellular physiology. They
regulate different biologic processes such as cell defense, hormone synthesis and signaling …

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with generalized vascular
dysfunction characterized by increases in large artery stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and …

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy.
Studies in experimental animal models of diabetes strongly implicate oxidant species as a …

Vascular injury, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, structural remodelling,
inflammation and fibrosis, plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. Cellular …