Bridges are classified according to the connection type of the deck to the abutment, which
includes Integral, Semi-Integral, and Conventional connections. Since the integral abutment …

This study delves into seismic design nuances of a three-span bridge, particularly focusing
on the often neglected vertical earthquake forces in concrete bridge codes. Investigating …

The usage of integral bridges due to their considerable benefits (including lower cost, faster
construction and better seismic performance) compared to traditional bridges has become …