As a greater proportion of patients survive their initial cardiac insult, medical systems
worldwide are being faced with an ever-growing need to understand the mechanisms …

Despite the advances that have been made in developing new therapeutics, cardiovascular
disease remains the leading cause of worldwide mortality. Therefore, understanding the …

Cells are equipped with mechanisms that allow them to rapidly detect and respond to
viruses. These defense mechanisms rely partly on receptors that monitor the cytosol for the …

The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 play a major role in pathogen
sensing of RNA virus infection to initiate and modulate antiviral immunity. The RLRs detect …

Macrophages are integral components of cardiac tissue and exert profound effects on the
healthy and diseased heart. Paradigm shifting studies using advanced molecular …

Abstract Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling is
required for TLR-mediated production of type-I IFN and several other proinflammatory …

Type I Interferons (IFNs) are hallmark cytokines produced in immune responses to all
classes of pathogens. Type I IFNs can influence dendritic cell (DC) activation, maturation …

Inheritance of a coding variant of the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22
(PTPN22) gene is associated with increased susceptibility to autoimmunity and infection …

All mammalian cells are equipped with large numbers of sensors for protection from various
sorts of invaders, who, in turn, are equipped with molecules containing pathogen-associated …

Myocardial infarction is lethal to patients because of insufficient blood perfusion to vital
organs. Several attempts have been made to improve its prognosis, among which …