This article details the ESAFORM Benchmark 2021. The deep drawing cup of a 1 mm thick,
AA 6016-T4 sheet with a strong cube texture was simulated by 11 teams relying on …

LIPSS and their hydrophilic attributes are subject to severe wear as soon as they are in
direct tribological contact. A possible protection is offered due to the combination of LIPSS …

The deposition of hard coatings of different materials on low-performance tools, intricate
parts, and low-cost or less favorable materials is a topic of great worth. This study discusses …

Friction, wear, and lubrication are inherent to all metal-forming processes. Unfortunately,
they are particularly troublesome when forming titanium materials, which tend to form …

This work concerns two stages of research into plasma nitriding (change of nitriding steel
and modification of nitriding parameters). In the first stage, pins obtained from currently used …

Motivated by the experimental findings of Wolff et al., we investigated the TiN| FeCo
multilayers at the atomic scale. Four different models were employed to investigate the …

As an additive manufacturing technology, 3D printing has become the new trend of film
preparation in the future. Electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA), a new additive …

The punching of holes or recesses on computer numerical control coordinate presses
occurs in sheets at high speeds (up to 1200 strokes/min) with an accuracy of~ 0.05 mm. One …

This research proposes a complete analysis of the use of physical vapour deposition coated
dies in the sheet metal forming process for high‐strength‐steel sheets. The goal of the …

Established forming processes in the automotive industry are used for series with annual
production runs of more than 100,000 units. Until now, there has been a lack of forming …