Insights into the role of the tumor suppressor pVHL in oxygen sensing motivated the testing
of drugs that target the transcription factor HIF or HIF-responsive growth factors, such as …

Tumor vascularization occurs through several distinct biological processes, which not only
vary between tumor type and anatomic location, but also occur simultaneously within the …

The NCCN Guidelines for Kidney Cancer focus on the screening, diagnosis, staging,
treatment, and management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients with relapsed or stage …

PURPOSE To provide recommendations for the management of patients with metastatic
clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS An Expert Panel conducted a systematic …

Background In a single-group, phase 1b trial, avelumab plus axitinib resulted in objective
responses in patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma. This phase 3 trial involving …

Background The combination of pembrolizumab and axitinib showed antitumor activity in a
phase 1b trial involving patients with previously untreated advanced renal-cell carcinoma …

Anlotinib is a new, orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets vascular
endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), platelet …

Kidney cancers have been extensively studied, and insights from an increased
understanding of tumor biology have led to increases in survival rates. Therapies aimed at …

All solid tumours require a vascular supply in order to progress. Although the ability to
induce angiogenesis (new blood vessel growth) has long been regarded as essential to this …

Modern cancer therapy has successfully cured many cancers and converted a terminal
illness into a chronic disease. Because cancer patients often have coexisting heart …