Plant architecture fundamentally differs from that of other multicellular organisms in that
individual cells serve as osmotic bricks, defined by the equilibrium between the internal …

Summary Receptor‐like kinases (RLKs), which constitute the largest receptor family in
plants, are essential for perceiving and relaying information about various environmental …

Fertilization of an egg by multiple sperm (polyspermy) leads to lethal genome imbalance
and chromosome segregation defects. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the block to polyspermy is …

Assembly of cell wall polysaccharides into specific patterns is required for plant growth. A
complex of RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR 4 (RALF4) and its cell wall–anchored …

Precise signalling between pollen tubes and synergid cells in the ovule initiates fertilization
in flowering plants. Contact of the pollen tube with the ovule triggers calcium spiking in the …

Pollen-pistil interactions establish interspecific/intergeneric pre-zygotic hybridization barriers
in plants. The rejection of undesired pollen at the stigma is crucial to avoid outcrossing but …

Pressurized cells with strong walls make up the hydrostatic skeleton of plants. Assembly and
expansion of such stressed walls depend on a family of secreted RAPID ALKALINIZATION …

Plant peptide hormones are important players that control various aspects of the lives of
plants. RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides have recently emerged as …

Pollen tube tip growth requires intricate Ca2+ signaling. Recent studies have also identified
rapid alkalization factor (RALF)-family peptides and their receptors as critical components for …

The molecular mechanism by which plants defend against plant root-knot nematodes
(RKNs) is largely unknown. The plant receptor kinase FERONIA and its peptide ligands …