The innate immune system detects pathogens via germline-encoded receptors that bind to
conserved pathogen ligands called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here …

The root microbiome refers to the community of microbes living in association with a plant's
roots, and includes mutualists, pathogens, and commensals. Here we focus on recent …

The plant immune system is fundamental for plant survival in natural ecosystems and for
productivity in crop fields. Substantial evidence supports the prevailing notion that plants …

Like all higher organisms, plants have evolved in the context of a microbial world, shaping
both their evolution and their contemporary ecology. Interactions between plant roots and …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 20–24 nucleotide noncoding RNAs abundant in plants and
animals. The biogenesis of plant miRNAs involves transcription of miRNA genes, processing …

INTRODUCTION Nucleotide-binding (NB), leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs)
mediate plant immunity by directly or indirectly sensing pathogen effector proteins delivered …

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), microbe-associated molecular patterns
(MAMPs), herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs), and damage-associated …

Yeasts occur in all environments and have been described as potent antagonists of various
plant pathogens. Due to their antagonistic ability, undemanding cultivation requirements …

Plant glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous and multifunctional enzymes
encoded by large gene families. A characteristic feature of GST genes is their high …

Light is important for plants as an energy source and a developmental signal, but it can also
cause stress to plants and modulates responses to stress. Excess and fluctuating light result …