In the past decade, evidence for the numerous roles of copper (Cu) in mammalian
physiology has grown exponentially. The discoveries of Cu involvement in cell signaling …

Free radicals (FRs) are unstable molecules that cause reactive stress (RS), an imbalance
between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the body and its ability to neutralize them …

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lack of functional dystrophin leads to myofiber
instability and progressive muscle damage that results in fibrosis. While fibrosis is primarily …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a natural scaffold of cells in the body. It has a complex
structure comprising various proteins, such as collagen and hyaladherins, and …

Abstract Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) has been identified as an essential mediator of
extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in several disease processes including …

Hypertension, a disease with known sexual dimorphism, accelerates aging-associated
arterial stiffening, partly because of the activation of matrix remodeling caused by increased …

Collagen fibers provide physical support to animal tissues by orienting in the correct position
and at optimal density. Actinotrichia are thick collagen fibers that are present at the tips of …

Background and aims Lysyl oxidase (LOX) catalyzes the crosslinking of collagen and elastin
to maintain tensile strength and structural integrity of the vasculature. Excessive LOX activity …

Conduit pulmonary arterial stiffening and the resultant increase in pulmonary vascular
impedance have emerged as an important underlying driver of pulmonary arterial …

The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of enzymes catalyze the oxidative deamination of lysine and
hydroxylysine residues in collagen and elastin in the initiation step of the formation of …