The pain of childbirth is arguably the most severe pain most women will endure in their
lifetimes. The pain of the early first stage of labor arises from dilation of the lower uterine …

Failed epidural anaesthesia or analgesia is more frequent than generally recognized. We
review the factors known to influence the success rate of epidural anaesthesia. Reasons for …

This is the third edition of Acute Pain Management: Scientific Evidence. The first two were
published in 1999 and 2005, respectively. This third edition sums up the evidence currently …

Patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) for labor was introduced into clinical practice
20 yr ago. The PCEA technique has been shown to have significant benefits when …

BACKGROUND: Lumbar epidurals (LEs) provide excellent analgesia. Combined spinal
epidural and dural puncture epidural (DPE) are 2 techniques to expedite neuraxial …

Several strategies and alternative therapies have been used to provide analgesia for labour
pain. Over the last few years, a number of improvements have enhanced the efficacy and …

Purpose In modern obstetrics, different pharmacological and non-pharmacological options
allow to obtain pain relief during labour, one of the most important goals in women …

Childbirth pain stands as one of the most intense experiences in a woman's life. It emanates
from various stages of labor, beginning with the early first stage marked by the dilation of the …

Purpose In labour, neuraxial analgesia is the standard in the provision of pain relief.
However, the optimal mode of delivering epidural solution has not been determined, and …

BACKGROUND: Patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) has gained popularity, but it
is still unclear whether adding a background infusion confers any benefit. METHODS: A …