Signal transduction by the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is central to host defence against many
pathogenic microorganisms and also underlies a large burden of human disease. Thus, the …

Abstract Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling is
required for TLR-mediated production of type-I IFN and several other proinflammatory …

Abstract The Toll/interleukin-1 receptor/resistance protein (TIR) domain is a protein–protein
interaction domain consisting of 125–200 residues, widely distributed in animals, plants and …

Ligands targeting nucleic acid-sensing receptors activate the innate immune system and
play a critical role in antiviral and antitumoral therapy. However, ligand design for in situ …

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the common clinical neurological emergencies.
Its incidence accounts for about 5–9% of cerebral stroke patients. Even surviving patients …

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS), produces pro-inflammatory
cytokines and type I interferons, and associates with a trigger of endotoxin shock. TLR4 is …

TRADD participates in various receptor signaling pathways and plays vital roles in many
biological activities, including cell survival and apoptosis, in different cellular contexts …

As an adaptor in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)
domain containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF) mediates downstream signaling …

A procedure has been developed for the refinement of crystallographic protein structures
based on the biomolecular simulation program Amber. The procedure constructs a model …

Background TRIF is a key protein in antiviral innate immunity, operating downstream of
TLRs. TRIF activation leads to the production of interferon-β and pro-inflammatory cytokines …