Progress in the experimental and computational methods of work function evaluation of materials: A review

OC Olawole, DK De, OF Olawole, R Lamba, ES Joel… - Heliyon, 2022 - cell.com
The work function, which determines the behaviour of electrons in a material, remains a
crucial factor in surface science to understand the corrosion rates and interfacial …

A review of electron emitters for high-power and high-frequency vacuum electron devices

AK Singh, SK Shukla, M Ravi… - IEEE Transactions on …, 2020 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
This work reviews the progress in the area of high current density electron emitters,
specifically for use in high frequency and high-power microwave vacuum electron devices …

Surface photovoltage-induced ultralow work function material for thermionic energy converters

P Schindler, DC Riley, I Bargatin… - ACS energy …, 2019 - ACS Publications
Low work function materials are essential for efficient thermionic energy converters (TECs),
electronics, and electron emission devices. Much effort has been put into finding thermally …

Optical–Acoustic Phonon Hybridization Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in a 1T′ Phase OsTe2 Monolayer

SZ Huang, JX Guo, BY Wang, HD Yang… - ACS Applied Energy …, 2022 - ACS Publications
A comprehensive study for thermoelectric (TE) properties of the OsTe2 monolayer with a
1T′ phase structure is presented, which is a two-dimensional transition metal …

Sc-containing (scandate) thermionic cathodes: Fabrication, microstructure, and emission performance

MN Seif, Q Zhou, X Liu, TJ Balk… - IEEE Transactions on …, 2022 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Although thermionic emission has been studied for more than 100 years, recent interest in
novel electron devices for military and civilian use has led to a surge in demand for cathodes …

Emission and evaporation properties of 75 at.% Re-25 at.% W mixed matrix impregnated cathode

C Lai, J Wang, F Zhou, W Liu, D den Engelsen… - Applied Surface …, 2018 - Elsevier
We present a comprehensive study on the phase, emission performance, surface
composition, chemical states and evaporation properties of a 75 at.% Re-25 at.% W (75Re) …

Understanding the surface structure evolution and electron emission behaviors during the activation of Ir-coated dispenser cathodes

X Chen, H Liu, Y Cai, W Zhou, S Chen, J Peng, Y Yang… - Vacuum, 2022 - Elsevier
Metal coated dispenser cathode is of great interest due to its low operation temperature,
high current density and long lifetime, however, the emission mechanism is still far from …

Super low work function of alkali-metal-adsorbed transition metal dichalcogenides

S Kim, MY Lee, S Lee, SH Jhi - Journal of Physics: Condensed …, 2017 - iopscience.iop.org
Discovering the materials that have work functions less than 1 eV is essential for efficient
thermionic energy converter (TEC). The lowest work function of materials reported so far is in …

Experimental and first-principles investigations on W-Ir mixed matrices cathodes with improved emission performance

J Gao, F Chu, J Wang, R Zhang, W Teng, P Hu… - Applied Surface …, 2022 - Elsevier
Fundamental understanding of the intrinsic emission mechanism of mixed W matrix Ba type
dispenser cathode is critical to rational design of advanced device with highly desired …

Studies on the pressed yttrium oxide-tungsten matrix as a possible dispenser cathode material

F Yang, J Wang, W Liu, X Liu, M Zhou - Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2015 - Elsevier
Yttrium oxide was chosen as the secondary emission substance based on calculation
results through first principle theory method. A new kind of pressed yttrium oxide-tungsten …