Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has shown an intermediate or high endemicity level in low-
income countries over the last five decades. In recent years, however, the incidence of acute …

The event of mutations in the surface antigen gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) results in
undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen with positive/negative anti-hepatitis B core (anti …

The persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes in HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)
negative individuals is termed occult HBV infection. Occult HBV status is associated in some …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease and liver-related death
worldwide, with the majority of these cases occurring in areas of Africa and Asia where HBV …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) are blood-
borne viruses with potentially shared routes of transmission. In high-income settings, the …

OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are endemic in Africa. However, hepatitis co-infection rates …

Abstract Background Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is characterised by the
persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Expanding HBV diagnosis and treatment …

Introduction: The clinical and public health implications of the convergence of the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and chronic viral hepatitis in sub-Saharan Africa are …

Background International Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for elimination of
hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection set ambitious targets for 2030. In African populations, infant …

BACKGROUND: In 2005, the South African National Blood Service introduced individual‐
donation (ID) nucleic acid test (NAT) screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) …