The two most urgent and interlinked environmental challenges humanity faces are climate
change and biodiversity loss. We are entering a pivotal decade for both the international …

The growing number of artificial structures in estuarine, coastal and marine environments is
causing “ocean sprawl”. Artificial structures do not only modify marine and coastal …

Baleen whales influence their ecosystems through immense prey consumption and nutrient
recycling,–. It is difficult to accurately gauge the magnitude of their current or historic …

Large herbivores and carnivores (the megafauna) have been in a state of decline and
extinction since the Late Pleistocene, both on land and more recently in the oceans. Much …

The “biological pump” is the process by which photosynthetically-produced organic matter in
the ocean descends from the surface layer to depth by a combination of sinking particles …

Baleen and sperm whales, known collectively as the great whales, include the largest
animals in the history of life on Earth. With high metabolic demands and large populations …

The past was a world of giants, with abundant whales in the sea and large animals roaming
the land. However, that world came to an end following massive late-Quaternary megafauna …

Rewilding is being promoted as an ambitious alternative to current approaches to nature
conservation. Interest is growing in popular and scientific literatures, and rewilding is the …

Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for
millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence …

To be an environmentalist early in the twenty-first century is always to be defending, arguing,
acknowledging the hurdles we face in our efforts to protect wild places and fight climate …