Aging is the greatest risk factor for a multitude of diseases including cardiovascular disease,
neurodegeneration and cancer. Despite decades of research dedicated to understanding …

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are universal enzymes of organisms that live in the
presence of oxygen. They catalyze the conversion of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen …

The human genome encodes approximately 20,000 proteins, many still uncharacterised. It
has become clear that scientific research tends to focus on well-studied proteins, leading to …

Superoxide, O2•−, is formed in all living organisms that come in contact with air, and,
depending upon its biological context, it may act as a signaling agent, a toxic species, or a …

Increasing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS), consisting of superoxide,
hydrogen peroxide, and multiple others, do not only cause oxidative stress, but rather may …

AMYOTROPHIC lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the
cortex, brainstem and spinal cord1, 2. Its cause is unknown and it is uniformly fatal, typically …

The metalloenzymes that have been named superoxide dismutases have several attributes.
They are abundant, widely distributed, essential as a defense against oxygen toxicity; they …

84 BOWLER ET AL organism's defense mechanism and have consequently been the
subject of much research. In plants, the role of SOD during environmental adversity, has …

The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (MFRTA) proposes that aging is caused by
damage to macromolecules by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). This is based …

Various nutritional, behavioral, and pharmacological interventions have been previously
shown to extend life span in diverse model organisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae …