BACKGROUND Ever since the writings of Darwin and Huxley, humans' place in nature
relative to apes (nonhuman hominoids) and the geographic origins of the human lineage …

The basal phylogeny of Chelicerata is one of the opaquest parts of the animal Tree of Life,
defying resolution despite application of thousands of loci and millions of sites. At the …

Fossils provide our only direct window into evolutionary events in the distant past.
Incorporating them into phylogenetic hypotheses of living clades can help time-calibrate …

The current literature on marsupial phylogenetics includes numerous studies based on
analyses of morphological data with limited sampling of Recent and fossil taxa, and many …

The vertebrate lineages that would shape Mesozoic and Cenozoic terrestrial ecosystems
originated across Triassic Pangaea,,,,,,,,,–. By the Late Triassic (Carnian stage,~ 235 million …

Hagfish depart so much from other fishes anatomically that they were sometimes considered
not fully vertebrate. They may represent:(i) an anatomically primitive outgroup of vertebrates …

Phylogenetic analysis aims to establish the true relationships between taxa. Different
analytical methods, however, can reach different conclusions. In order to establish which …

The Mkv evolutionary model, based on minor modifications to models of molecular
evolution, is being increasingly used to infer phylogenies from discrete morphological data …

Despite intensive study, many aspects of the evolutionary history of great apes and humans
(Hominidae) are not well understood. In particular, the phylogenetic relationships of many …

There have been multiple published phylogenetic analyses of platyrrhine primates (New
World monkeys) using both morphological and molecular data, but relatively few that have …