Anxiety and depression are linked to both explicit and implicit memory biases, which are
defined as the tendency to preferentially recall emotionally negative information at …

Abstract 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) activity is implicated as a
moderator of the progression of multiple diseases and disorders in medicine and is actively …

Background Previous studies have demonstrated structural and functional changes of the
hippocampus in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, no studies have …

Introduction: Suicide in bipolar disorder (BD) is a multifaceted behavior, involving specific
neuroendocrine and psychological mechanisms. According to previous studies, we …

Background Psychological trauma can damage the brain, especially in areas where
glucocorticoid receptors are expressed, via perturbed secretion of cortisol. Childhood …

Background The fetal programming hypothesis suggests that prenatal maternal stress
(PNMS) influences aspects of fetal development, such as the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal …

Background The amygdala can enhance emotional memory encoding as well as
anxiogenesis via corticotropin-releasing factor neurons. However, the amygdala's explicit …

The hippocampus is a central modulator of the HPA-axis, impacting the regulation of stress
on brain structure, function, and behavior. The current study assessed whether three …

The modulatory effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) are highly variable between
subjects. This variability may be due to uncontrolled caffeine consumption and circadian …

Background Obesity not only affects physical and mental conditions, but also influences
cognitive function. Endocrine hormones may influence the risk of obesity and severe obesity …