Untethered small-scale machines (USSMs) that can actively adjust their motion,
deformation, and collective states in response to external stimuli have gained enormous …

Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly
seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the …

Swimming microrobots that are energized by external magnetic fields exhibit a variety of
intriguing collective behaviors, ranging from dynamic self-organization to coherent motion; …

Untethered micro/nanorobots have been widely investigated owing to their potential in
performing various tasks in different environments. The significant progress in this emerging …

After decades of development, microrobots have exhibited great application potential in the
biomedical field, such as minimally invasive surgery, drug delivery, and bio‐sensing …

Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental in living and engineering systems. This
has stimulated the new field of'active matter'in recent years, which focuses on the physical …

Taxis orientation is common in microorganisms, and it provides feasible strategies to
operate active colloids as small‐scale robots. Collective taxes involve numerous units that …

Bacteria are among the oldest and most abundant species on Earth. Bacteria successfully
colonize diverse habitats and play a significant role in the oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen …

Liquid crystals (LCs) are ubiquitous in display technologies. The orientational ordering in the
nematic phase of LCs gives rise to structural anisotropy, the ability to form topological …

The collective behavior of biological systems has inspired efforts toward the controlled
assembly of synthetic nanomotors. Here we demonstrate the use of acoustic fields to induce …