Many studies have been undertaken to reveal how tobacco smoke skews immune
responses contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune responses of organ
systems, including the lungs, to particles and pathogens. Cumulative results show that …

The factors mediating fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections are poorly understood. Here, we show
that cigarette smoke causes a dose-dependent upregulation of angiotensin converting …

In current severe global emergency situation of 2019-nCov outbreak, it is imperative to
identify vulnerable and susceptible groups for effective protection and care. Recently …

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is increasing rapidly, but their effects on lung toxicity
are largely unknown. Smoking is a well-established cause of lung cancer and respiratory …

Background Epithelial damage, repair and remodelling are critical features of chronic airway
diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Interleukin (IL)-33 …

Cigarette smoke contains more than 4500 chemicals which have toxic, mutagenic and
carcinogenic effects. Strong evidences have shown that current smokers take a significantly …

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are an important factor of morbidity and mortality,
accounting for approximately 6% of total deaths worldwide. The main CRDs are asthma and …

Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved cell–cell communication mechanism that
plays a key role in lung homeostasis, injury and repair. The loss of regulation of Notch …

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 600,000 people and has
overwhelmed hospital systems around the world. However, the factors mediating fatal SARS …