Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells release small, phospholipid-enclosed vesicles into
their environment. Why do cells release vesicles? Initial studies showed that eukaryotic …

Exosomes are 30–100 nm microvesicles which contain complex cellular signals of RNA,
protein and lipids. Because of this, exosomes are implicated as having limitless therapeutic …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by various cells are small phospholipid membrane-
enclosed entities that can carry miRNA. They are now central to research in many fields of …

Tetraspanins are a family of proteins with four transmembrane domains that play a role in
many aspects of cell biology and physiology; they are also used by several pathogens for …

Membrane lipids and proteins are non-randomly distributed and are unable to diffuse freely
in the plane of the membrane. This is because of multiple constraints imposed both by the …

Cells secrete various membrane-enclosed microvesicles from their cell surface (shedding
microvesicles) and from internal, endosome-derived membranes (exosomes). Intriguingly …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) subtype, exosome is an extracellular nano-vesicle that sheds
from cells' surface and originates as intraluminal vesicles during endocytosis. Firstly, it was …

The tetraspanin transmembrane proteins have emerged as key players in malignancy, the
immune system, during fertilization and infectious disease processes. Tetraspanins engage …

Exosomes are membranous nanovesicles of endocytic origin that carry host and pathogen
derived genomic, proteomic, and lipid cargos. Exosomes are secreted by most cell types into …

Extracellular vesicles (including the subclass exosomes) secreted by cells contain specific
proteins and RNA that could be of interest in determining new markers. Isolation …