Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors are evidence-based treatments for
a number of conditions including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease …

Background The current guidelines for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and
management of hypertension recommend six types of non-pharmacological interventions …

Heart failure remains a huge societal concern despite medical advancement, with an annual
direct cost of over $30 billion. While guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is proven to …

The function of the kidney is tightly linked to the function of the heart. Dysfunction/disease of
the kidney may initiate, accentuate, or precipitate of the cardiac dysfunction/disease and vice …

In heart failure, fluid overload is a major pathological mechanism leading to vascular
congestion, pulmonary congestion and elevated jugular venous pressures. Diuretics play a …

Hyperkalaemia has become an increasingly prevalent finding in patients with heart failure
(HF), especially with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors and …

Pharmacological approach to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is evolving,
as recently published large randomized clinical trials have implemented the disposal of …

Objective To assess the incidence of hyperkalemia in transgender women using
spironolactone. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of transgender women who …

Inositol pyrophosphates are key signaling molecules that regulate diverse neurobiological
processes. We previously reported that the inositol pyrophosphate 5-InsP7, generated by …

Abstract Treatment for heart failure has experienced a major revolution in recent years, and
current evidence shows that a combination of four medications (angiotensin receptor …