This article reviews recent findings from the author's laboratory that may provide new
insights into how habits are made and broken. Habits are extensively practiced behaviors …

Goal-directed behaviors allow animals to act to satisfy needs and desires. The outcome
devaluation task is an effective method for identifying goal-directed behaviors and …

We previously reported the rapid development of habitual behavior in a discrete-trials
instrumental task in which lever insertion and retraction act as reward-predictive cues …

Learning to stop responding is an important process that allows behavior to adapt to a
changing and variable environment. This article reviews recent research in this laboratory …

Goal‐directed and habitual actions are clearly defined by their associative relations.
Whereas goal‐directed control can be confirmed via tests of outcome devaluation and …

Voluntary behaviors (operants) can come in two varieties: Goal‐directed actions, which are
emitted based on the remembered value of the reinforcer, and habits, which are evoked by …

Three experiments explored how training reinforcement schedules and context influence the
elimination and recovery of human operant behavior. In Experiment 1, participants learned a …

It has recently been proposed that the intermittent access (IntA) drug self-administration
procedure better produces behavioral changes relevant to addiction than the long access …

Habits are the behavioral output of two brain systems. A stimulus–response (S–R) system
that encourages us to efficiently repeat well-practiced actions in familiar settings, and a goal …

Four experiments with rat subjects asked whether a partial reinforcement extinction effect
(PREE) occurs in taste aversion learning. The question has received little attention in the …