Photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity are becoming increasingly
important in the world's renewable energy mix. The cumulative world PV installations …

Sleep is regulated by a homeostatic and a circadian process. Together these two processes
determine most aspects of sleep and related variables like sleepiness and alertness. The …

In an awake state, neurons in the cerebral cortex fire irregularly and electroencephalogram
(EEG) recordings display low-amplitude, high-frequency fluctuations. During sleep, neurons …

Highlights•Slow waves of NREM sleep can occur locally and asynchronously across brain
regions.•Their regional distribution and amplitude is in part mediated by experience …

Sleep is universal in animals, but its specific functions remain elusive. We propose that
sleep's primary function is to allow individual neurons to perform prophylactic cellular …

A substantial body of literature supports the intuitive notion that a good night's sleep can
facilitate human cognitive performance the next day. Deficits in attention, learning & memory …

The overall function of sleep is hypothesized to provide “recovery” after preceding waking
activities, thereby ensuring optimal functioning during subsequent wakefulness. However …

A commonly held view is that extended wakefulness is causal for a broad spectrum of
deleterious effects at molecular, cellular, network, physiological, psychological, and …

The functions of sleep remain elusive. Extensive evidence suggests that sleep performs
restorative processes that sustain waking brain performance. An alternative view proposes …

Sleep regulates immune functions. We asked whether sleep can influence immunological
memory formation. Twenty-seven healthy men were vaccinated against hepatitis A three …