In vivo two-photon calcium imaging (2PCI) is a technique used for recording neuronal
activity in the intact brain. It is based on the principle that, when neurons fire action …

Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of
thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across …

Hippocampal activity is critical for spatial memory. Within a fixed, familiar environment,
hippocampal codes gradually change over timescales of days to weeks—a phenomenon …

We developed a miniaturized two-photon microscope (MINI2P) for fast, high-resolution,
multiplane calcium imaging of over 1,000 neurons at a time in freely moving mice. With a …

Animals associate cues with outcomes and update these associations as new information is
presented. This requires the hippocampus, yet how hippocampal neurons track changes in …

In the hippocampus, spatial maps are formed by place cells while contextual memories are
thought to be encoded as engrams,,,,–. Engrams are typically identified by expression of the …

Memories of past events can be recalled long after the event, indicating stability. But new
experiences are also integrated into existing memories, indicating plasticity. In the …

Advances in fluorescence microscopy enable monitoring larger brain areas in-vivo with finer
time resolution. The resulting data rates require reproducible analysis pipelines that are …

In vivo calcium imaging through microendoscopic lenses enables imaging of previously
inaccessible neuronal populations deep within the brains of freely moving animals …

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation therapy for a broad and expanding set
of neurologic conditions. However, the mechanism through which VNS influences central …