Women have stronger immune responses to infections and vaccination than men.
Paradoxically, the stronger immune response comes at a steep price, which is the high …

Abstract 17β‐Estradiol (E2), as the main circulating estrogen hormone, regulates many
tissue and organ functions in physiology. The effects of E2 on cells are mediated by the …

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been recognized now for several decades as playing a
key role in reproduction and exerting functions in numerous nonreproductive tissues. In this …

Estrogens play a fundamental role in the physiology of the reproductive, cardiovascular,
skeletal, and central nervous systems. In this report, we review the literature in both rodents …

Current standard-of-care (SOC) therapy for breast cancer includes targeted therapies such
as endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) positive; anti-HER2 monoclonal …

Estrogen receptor-α (ER) is the key feature of most breast cancers and binding of ER to the
genome correlates with expression of the Forkhead protein FOXA1 (also called HNF3α) …

Estrogen receptors (ER) include ER alpha, ER beta and new membrane receptor G protein-
coupled receptor 30 (GPR30). Estrogen receptors are key receptors to maintain ovarian …

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a diverse group of nonsteroidal
compounds that function as agonists or antagonists for estrogen receptors (ERs) in a target …

A myriad of physiological processes in mammals are influenced by estrogens and the
estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ. As we reviewed previously, given the widespread …

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling exerts an antiestrogenic, growth-inhibitory influence in
normal breast tissue, and this role may be sustained in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive …