Political parties regularly change and adapt in response to ever-changing circumstances.
Until now these changes have frequently prompted both scholars and the media to suggest …

50 completely unique dinosaur coloring pages for kids ages 4-12! For the dinosaur-loving
child, what could be more fun than being able to color all of his or her favorite types …

In Europe, technocratic governments have become a popular topic of debate. Commentators
have condemned them as a 'suspension of democracy'or even as 'the end of democracy as …

The failure of the referenda on the EU constitution in France and the Netherlands increased
the impression that the EU is most of all a project of the elites. But who are these elites? Are …

The centrepiece of representative democracy is the accountability of the government
through the electoral process. However, if accountability was only composed of a chance to …

A crucial aspect of elite dominance in modern democracies concerns the degree to which
different political elites share similar career paths and shifts between different elite positions …

Portugal inaugurated the third wave of democratization with a bloodless military coup on 25
April 1974, putting an end to four decades of dictatorship (1926–74). Unshackled by …

Using new data on Spain and Portugal 1950–1980, this paper shows that non-democratic
governments were less generous in providing social protection and also financed their …

Portuguese democracy is a relevant case for comparison, because expert and non-partisan
ministers (usually described as 'the independents') are to be found in large numbers. This …

Quem constitui o poder local em Portugal? Quais os grupos sócio profissionais que
controlaram as câmaras municipais durante o Estado Novo, no período de transição de …