Bone turnover markers (BTMs) are used widely, in both research and clinical practice. In the
last 20 years, much experience has been gained in measurement and interpretation of these …

Bone is a dynamic organ maintained by tightly regulated mechanisms. With old age, bone
homeostasis, which is maintained by an intricate balance between bone formation and bone …

In 2011 over 1.7 million people were hospitalized because of a fragility fracture, and direct
costs associated with osteoporosis treatment exceeded 70 billion dollars in the United …

Osteoporosis, a disease of low bone mass, is characterized by reduced bone mineral
density (BMD) through abnormalities in the microarchitecture of bone tissue. It affects both …

Background Interorgan communication networks established during exercise in several
different tissues can be mediated by several exercise-induced factors. Therefore, the present …

Background Circulating biomarkers are often used to investigate the bone response to an
acute bout of exercise, but heterogeneity in factors such as study design, quality, selected …

Background Bone turnover is the cellular machinery responsible for bone integrity and
strength and, in the clinical setting, it is assessed using bone turnover markers (BTMs) …

Abstract Purpose of Review Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder characterized by bone
loss and increased fracture susceptibility. Whether this is due to reduced loading in less …

Purpose The benefits of exercise across the lifespan and for a wide spectrum of health and
diseases are well known. However, there remains less clarity as to the effects of both acute …

Exercise is a key determinate of fracture risk and provides a clinical means to promote bone
formation. However, the efficacy of exercise to increase bone mass declines with age. The …