Antibiotics have revolutionized medicine, saving countless lives since their discovery in the
early 20th century. However, the origin of antibiotics is now overshadowed by the alarming …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a high priority across countries as it increases morbidity,
mortality and costs. Concerns with AMR have resulted in multiple initiatives internationally …

The term “language” is used for at least three distinct purposes. The first supports inquiry into
coded message exchange. This has occupied most of the debate within the discipline of …

Although antibiotics have been indispensable in the advancement of modern medicine,
there are downsides to their use. Growing resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics is …

Four decades of civil war, violence, and destabilisation have forced millions of Afghans to
flee their homes and to move to other countries worldwide. This increasing phenomenon …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the declining effectiveness of antibiotic medicines due to
misuse are among the biggest threats to global health and a major challenge for global …

Human conflict, such as the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, is an important driver of
antimicrobial resistance. Here, we describe the challenges when addressing this problem …

Background Antibiotic usage, contact with high transmission healthcare settings as well as
changes in immune system function all vary by a patient's age and sex. Yet, most analyses …

Introduction Antibiotic consumption rates are high in both high and low-income countries,
but addressing antibiotic practices in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) is crucial to …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), frequently considered a major global public health threat,
requires a comprehensive understanding of its emergence, mechanisms, advances, and …