Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to amino acid side chain modification in some
proteins after their biosynthesis. There are more than 400 different types of PTMs affecting …

Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a
crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the “quantity” …

Post-translational modification (PTM) in histone proteins is a covalent modification which
mainly consists of methylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, SUMOylation …

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the major intracellular and non-lysosomal
protein degradation system. Thanks to its unique capacity of eliminating old, damaged …

NEDDylation, a post-translational modification through three-step enzymatic cascades,
plays crucial roles in the regulation of diverse biological processes. NEDD8-activating …

Abstract The Legionella pneumophila Sde family of translocated proteins promotes host
tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) rearrangements that are tightly linked to phosphoribosyl …

Protein ubiquitination is critical for regulation of numerous eukaryotic cellular processes
such as protein homeostasis, cell cycle progression, immune response, DNA repair, and …

The existence of the nucleus distinguishes prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Apart from
containing most of the genetic material, the nucleus possesses several nuclear bodies …

The endolysosomal system comprises a dynamic constellation of vesicles working together
to sense and interpret environmental cues and facilitate homeostasis. Integrating …

Signal pathways participate in vital biological processes and regulate complex life activities
through protein modifications. Protein modifications in signal pathways are accompanied by …