Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with
and react to each other in a stable environment in order to maintain healthy immune …

Mucosal vaccines offer the potential to trigger robust protective immune responses at the
predominant sites of pathogen infection. In principle, the induction of adaptive immunity at …

The human intestine hosts diverse microbial communities that play a significant role in
maintaining gut-skin homeostasis. When the relationship between gut microbiome and the …

The term cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) comprises the distinctive
spectrum of immune alterations associated with the course of end-stage liver disease …

The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and
protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells and their …

Probiotics are beneficial active microorganisms that colonize the human intestines and
change the composition of the flora in particular parts of the host. Recently, the use of …

Colonic drug delivery can facilitate access to unique therapeutic targets and has the
potential to enhance drug bioavailability whilst reducing off-target effects. Delivering drugs to …

Among human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated disorders, celiac disease has an
immunopathogenesis that is particularly well understood. The condition is characterized by …

Intestinal bacteria may influence lung homeostasis via the gut-lung axis. We conducted a
single-center, quadruple-blinded, randomized trial in adult symptomatic Coronavirus …

Autoimmune diseases are a series of diseases involving multiple tissues and organs,
characterized by the over production of abnormal multiple antibodies. Although most studies …