During severe inflammatory and infectious diseases, various mediators modulate the
equilibrium of vascular tone, inflammation, coagulation and thrombosis. This Review …

Kinins are generated within inflammatory tissue microenvironments, where they exert
diverse functions, including cell proliferation, leukocyte activation, cell migration, endothelial …

Zn2+ deficiency in the human population is frequent in underdeveloped countries.
Worldwide, approximatively 2 billion people consume Zn2+-deficient diets, accounting for 1 …

Kinins are endogenous peptides that belong to the kallikrein-kinin system, which has been
extensively studied for over a century. Their essential role in multiple physiological and …

GPER-1 is a novel membrane sited G protein-coupled estrogen receptor. Clinical studies
have shown that patients suffering an estrogen receptor α (ERα)/GPER-1 positive, breast …

Endogenous opioid peptides and prescription opioid drugs modulate pain, anxiety and
stress by activating four opioid receptors, namely μ (mu, MOP), δ (delta, DOP), κ (kappa …

The kinin B 1 receptor is an inducible receptor not normally expressed but induced by
inflammatory stimuli and plays a major role in neutrophil recruitment, particularly in response …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) occurs, to some extent, in most people with at least 20 years'
duration of diabetes mellitus. The progression of DR to its sight-threatening stages is usually …

In this review, we present a discussion of diabetes and its complications, including the
macrovascular and microvascular effects, with the latter of consequence to the retina. We …

During vasculitis, activation of the kinin system induces inflammation, whereby the kinin B1-
receptor is expressed and activated after ligand binding. Additionally, activated blood cells …