Importance Schizophrenia is a common, severe mental illness that most clinicians will
encounter regularly during their practice. This report provides an overview of the clinical …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) serves as the chief executive officer of the brain, controlling the
highest level cognitive and emotional processes. Its local circuits among glutamatergic …

HT receptors expressed throughout the human body are targets for established therapeutics
and various drugs in development. Their diversity of structure and function reflects the …

The serotonergic system extends throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In the CNS, serotonin (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) modulates a …

Antipsychotic drugs are central to the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic
disorders but are ineffective for some patients and associated with side-effects and …

Abstract Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), the persistence of positive symptoms
despite≥ 2 trials of adequate dose and duration of antipsychotic medication with …

The dopamine hypothesis is the longest standing pathoetiologic theory of schizophrenia.
Because it was initially based on indirect evidence and findings in patients with established …

The glutamate and dopamine hypotheses are leading theories of the pathoaetiology of
schizophrenia. Both were initially based on indirect evidence from pharmacological studies …

Schizophrenia remains a major health burden, highlighting the need for new treatment
approaches. We consider the potential for targeting the trace amine (TA) system. We first …

Importance Stimulant use disorder is common, affecting between 0.3% and 1.1% of the
population, and costs more than $85 billion per year globally. There are no licensed …