The prey–predator interaction between organisms living in an ecosystem is greatly affected
by the cooperation among the species as well as immature prey refuge in presence of time …

This research article investigates the interaction between prey and a generalist predator,
considering the effect of hunting cooperation. The predator–prey interaction is modeled …

In prey–predator interaction, many factors, such as the fear effect, Allee effect, cooperative
hunting, and group behavior, can influence the population dynamics. Hence, studying these …

Studying predator–prey interactions with the help of mathematical modeling is helpful in
understanding the mechanism, making informed decisions about their management and …

We develop and investigate a discrete-time predator–prey model with cooperative hunting
among predators and a spatial prey refuge. The system can exhibit two positive equilibria if …

In this article, we have investigated the temporal and spatiotemporal dynamics of the prey–
predator model with hunting cooperation. Prey–predator models contribute to the field of …

Hunting cooperation widely exists in biological systems, which increases the possibility of
the encounter between prey and predator populations. It is worth noting that predators are …

We consider a predator–prey system with cooperative hunting. The parameter space of the
system is divided into several mutually exclusive regions. Based on the investigation of the …

In the current work, we develop and analyse a prey–predator model as a semi-Kolmogorov
population model in which the predator has an indirect effect on the prey. The functional …

In this paper, we examine the role of fear and hunting cooperation in a generalist predator–
prey system in an imprecise environment. We investigated the positivity and boundedness of …