Gastrointestinal cancer represents one of the most diagnosed types of cancer. Cancer is a
genetic and multifactorial disease, influenced by the host and environmental factors. It has …

Anticancer immune responses can be considered a desirable form of autoimmunity that may
be profoundly shaped by the microbiome. Here, we discuss evidence for the microbiome's …

The molecules of Major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) load peptides and present them on
the cell surface, which provided the immune system with the signal to detect and eliminate …

During the last few years, a growing body of evidence has shown that immunological
memory is not an exclusive trait of lymphocytes, as many inflammatory insults can alter the …

Purpose: Bladder cancer is a current clinical and social problem. At diagnosis, most patients
present with nonmuscle-invasive tumors, characterized by a high recurrence rate, which …

Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists have had a long journey in the field of cancer
immunotherapy. Nevertheless, despite the remarkable number of the TLR4 ligands that …

The majority of the epithelial surfaces of our body, and the digestive tract, respiratory and
urogenital systems, are colonized by a vast number of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoans …

The high recurrence and progression rates of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)
have led investigators to study the use of intravesical therapy in order to prevent them …

To date, a large number of synthetic drugs have been developed for the treatment and
prevention of different disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus …

Abstract Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only FDA approved first line therapy for
patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Since the turn of the 20th century BCG has …