Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: a review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods

MA Kappes, T Perez - Corrosion Reviews, 2023 - degruyter.com
Existing natural gas pipelines provide an economic alternative for the transport of hydrogen
(H2) in an envisioned hydrogen economy. Hydrogen can dissolve in the steel and cause …

[HTML][HTML] Use of existing gas infrastructure in European hydrogen economy

S Lipiäinen, K Lipiäinen, A Ahola… - International Journal of …, 2023 - Elsevier
The rapidly increasing production volume of clean hydrogen creates challenges for transport
infrastructure. This study improves understanding of hydrogen transport options in Europe …

Evaluating a natural gas pipeline steel for blended hydrogen service

ML Martin, M Connolly, ZN Buck, PE Bradley… - Journal of Natural Gas …, 2022 - Elsevier
An X70 natural gas pipeline steel that is being considered for blended natural gas/hydrogen
gas service was evaluated in a high-pressure hydrogen gas environment. Fracture …

[HTML][HTML] Challenges toward achieving a successful hydrogen economy in the US: Potential end-use and infrastructure analysis to the year 2100

R Bridgeland, A Chapman, B McLellan… - Cleaner Production …, 2022 - Elsevier
Fossil fuels continue to exacerbate climate change due to large carbon emissions resulting
from their use across a number of sectors. An energy transition away from fossil fuels seems …

[HTML][HTML] Blending hydrogen in existing natural gas pipelines: Integrity consequences from a fitness for service perspective

MA Kappes, TE Perez - Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering, 2023 - Elsevier
Blending hydrogen in existing natural gas pipelines compromises steel integrity because it
increases fatigue crack growth, promotes subcritical cracking and decreases fracture …

Effect of Hydrogen in Mixed Gases on the Mechanical Properties of Steels—Theoretical Background and Review of Test Results

T Michler, C Elsässer, K Wackermann, F Schweizer - Metals, 2021 - mdpi.com
This review summarizes the thermodynamics of hydrogen (H2) in mixed gases of nitrogen
(N2), methane (CH4) and natural gas, with a special focus on hydrogen fugacity. A …

Hydrogen embrittlement effects on remaining life and fatigue crack growth rate in API 5L X52 steel pipelines under cyclic pressure loading

O Bouledroua, D Zelmati, Z Hafsi, MB Djukic - Engineering Failure Analysis, 2024 - Elsevier
Transporting hydrogen gas through the existing natural gas pipeline network offers an
efficient solution for energy storage and conveyance. Hydrogen generated from excess …

Probabilistic hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth under random pressure fluctuations in pipeline steels

K Kethamukkala, S Potts, Y Liu - … Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2024 - Elsevier
The increasing demand for energy and the global threat of climate change have driven the
search for alternative energy sources, with hydrogen emerging as a prominent substitute for …

Mechanical Properties of API 5L X65 Linepipe and Girth Welds Under High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas Environment

Y Kisaka, Y Kiyokawa, F Kimura… - International …, 2024 - asmedigitalcollection.asme.org
As the world strives to achieve carbon neutrality, hydrogen is potentially expected to become
one of the major energy sources. Pipelines can be an efficient method for transporting large …

Fracture Toughness Test Methods for Material Qualification in Gaseous Hydrogen

B Bezensek, S Hopkin, T Martin… - Pressure Vessels …, 2024 - asmedigitalcollection.asme.org
This paper focuses on the use of a variety of different small scale test methods to assess the
fracture resistance of the material in gaseous hydrogen and study susceptibility to subcritical …