A defining feature of biology is the use of a multiscale architecture, ranging from molecular
networks to cells, tissues, organs, whole bodies, and swarms. Crucially however, biology is …

The development of multicellular organisms is controlled by highly dynamic molecular and
cellular processes organized in spatially restricted patterns. Recent advances in …

Living systems are capable of locomotion, reconfiguration and replication. To perform these
tasks, cells spatiotemporally coordinate the interactions of force-generating,'active'molecules …

Cell signaling networks coordinate specific patterns of protein expression in response to
external cues, yet the logic by which signaling pathway activity determines the eventual …

Collective cell migration offers a rich field of study for non-equilibrium physics and cellular
biology, revealing phenomena such as glassy dynamics, pattern formation and active …

The Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase plays diverse roles in animal development. Its
widespread reuse raises a conundrum: when a single kinase like Erk is activated, how does …

This review adds the bilin-binding phytochromes to the Chemical Reviews thematic issue
“Optogenetics and Photopharmacology”. The work is structured into two parts. We first …

Cells sense, process, and respond to extracellular information using signaling networks:
collections of proteins that act as precise biochemical sensors. These protein networks are …

Optogenetics, a field concentrating on controlling cellular functions by means of light-
activated proteins, has shown tremendous potential in neuroscience. It possesses superior …

Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues,
and organisms with tailored functions. Optogenetics has the advantages of …