In this Commentary, we shed light on the use of invertebrates as model organisms for
understanding the causal and conserved mechanisms of learning and memory. We provide …

Background The environmental prevalence of widely prescribed human pharmaceuticals
that target key evolutionary conserved biomolecules present across phyla is concerning …

Stress alters adaptive behaviours such as learning and memory. Stressors can either
enhance or diminish learning, memory formation and/or memory recall. We focus attention …

There has been a significant increase in the incidence of multiple neurodegenerative and
terminal diseases in the human population with life expectancy increasing in the current …

The aging brain undergoes a range of changes varying from subtle structural and
physiological changes causing only minor functional decline under healthy normal aging …

Lymnaea stagnalis provides an excellent model system for studying memory because these
snails have a well-described set of neurons, a single one of which controls expression of …

A major extrinsic factor influencing memory and neuro-cognitive performances across taxa is
diet. Studies from vertebrates have shown the effects of a flavonoid rich diet on cognitive …

The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis exhibits various forms of associative learning including
(1) operant conditioning of aerial respiration where snails are trained not to open their …

With the increase of life span, normal aging and age-related memory decline are affecting
an increasing number of people; however, many aspects of these processes are still not fully …

The objective of this study was to determine whether the great pond snail, Lymnaea
stagnalis, expresses a sleep-like behavioural state. We found that snails spontaneously …