Considered an indicator of self-awareness, mirror self-recognition (MSR) has long seemed
limited to humans and apes. In both phylogeny and human ontogeny, MSR is thought to …

Some animals have the remarkable capacity for mirror self-recognition (MSR), yet any
implications for self-awareness remain uncertain and controversial. This is largely because …

Recognition of one's own reflection in a mirror qualifies as an objective test of self-
awareness. Although most primates appear incapable of learning that their behavior is the …

Self-recognition in front of a mirror is used as an indicator of self-awareness. Along with
humans, some chimpanzees and orangutans have been shown to be self-aware using the …

We review research on reactions to mirrors and self-recognition in nonhuman primates,
focusing on methodological issues. Starting with the initial demonstration in chimpanzees in …

The ability to perceive and recognise a reflected mirror image as self (mirror self-recognition,
MSR) is considered a hallmark of cognition across species. Although MSR has been …

Mirror-self recognition (MSR) is a behavioral indicator of self-awareness in young children
and only a few other species, including the great apes, dolphins, elephants and magpies …

Interest in the comparative study of mirror self-recognition persists because of the
implications for self-awareness and the possibility of a cognitive divide among primates …

The mirror mark test has encouraged a binary view of self-awareness according to which a
few species possess this capacity whereas others do not. Given how evolution works …

Only humans, chimpanzees, and orangutans have demonstrated that they recognize their
reflections in mirrors. Other mammals (including over a dozen species of monkeys) have …