In eukaryotes, the wobble position of tRNA with a GUN anticodon is modified to the 7-deaza-
guanosine derivative queuosine (Q34), but the original source of Q is bacterial, since Q is …

Global protein translation as well as translation at the codon level can be regulated by tRNA
modifications. In eukaryotes, levels of tRNA queuosinylation reflect the bioavailability of the …

Queuosine (Q) is a conserved tRNA modification at the wobble anticodon position of tRNAs
that read the codons of amino acids Tyr, His, Asn, and Asp. Q-modification in tRNA plays …

Natural selection favors efficient expression of encoded proteins, but the causes,
mechanisms, and fitness consequences of evolved coding changes remain an area of …

Abstract In bacterial tRNAs, 5-carboxymethoxyuridine (cmo5U) and its derivatives at the first
position of the anticodon facilitate non-Watson–Crick base pairing with guanosine and …

The translational decoding properties of tRNAs are modulated by naturally occurring
modifications of their nucleosides. Uridines located at the wobble position (nucleoside 34 [U …

Although the genetic code is degenerate, synonymous codons for the same amino acid are
not translated equally. Codon-specific translation is important for controlling gene …

Every type of nucleic acid in cells undergoes programmed chemical post-transcriptional
modification. Generally, modification enzymes use substrates derived from intracellular …

Enzymes of the Dnmt2 family of methyltransferases have yielded a number of unexpected
discoveries. The first surprise came more than ten years ago when it was realized that …

In eukaryotes, wobble uridines in the anticodons of tRNALysUUU, tRNAGluUUC and
tRNAGlnUUG are modified to 5-methoxy-carbonyl-methyl-2-thio-uridine (mcm5s2U). While …