BACKGROUND Immunization against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19,
occurs via natural infection or vaccination. However, it is currently unknown how long …

Ending the COVID-19 pandemic will require long-lived immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we
evaluate 254 COVID-19 patients longitudinally up to 8 months and find durable broad-based …

INTRODUCTION Immunological memory is the basis for durable protective immunity after
infections or vaccinations. Duration of immunological memory after severe acute respiratory …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is causing a
global pandemic, and cases continue to rise. Most infected individuals experience mildly …

The formation of a robust long-term antigen (Ag)-specific memory, both humoral and cell-
mediated, is created following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV …

SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of a recent pandemic that has led to more than 3 million deaths
worldwide. Most individuals are asymptomatic or display mild symptoms, which raises an …

The diversity of vaccination modalities and infection history are both variables that have an
impact on the immune memory of individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. To gain more …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated
individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the …

mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use. Despite their
efficacy in clinical trials, data on mRNA vaccine–induced immune responses are mostly …

Novel mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV2 have been authorized for emergency use and are
currently being administered to millions of individuals worldwide. Despite their efficacy in …