Dielectric multilayer reflectors that are non-polarizing are an important class of optical device
and have numerous applications within optical fibres, dielectric waveguides and light …

Biological photonic systems composed of anhydrous guanine crystals evolved separately in
several taxonomic groups. Here, two such systems found in fish and spiders, both of which …

Animals make use of a wealth of optical physics to control and manipulate light, for example,
in creating reflective animal colouration,, and polarized light signals. Their precise optics …

Fish have evolved biogenic multilayer reflectors composed of stacks of intracellular
anhydrous guanine crystals separated by cytoplasm, to produce the silvery luster of their …

King and emperor penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus and Aptenodytes forsteri) are the
only species of marine birds so far known to reflect ultraviolet (UV) light from their beaks …

The eyes of some aquatic animals form images through reflective optics. Shrimp, lobsters,
crayfish, and prawns possess reflecting superposition compound eyes, composed of …

Waveplates are planar devices used in optics and optoelectronics to change the polarization
state of light. Made of anisotropic dielectric materials such as crystals and thin films …

The metallic luster from the skin of fish is due to a photonic crystal system composed of
multilayer stacks of cytoplasm and crystals. The crystals are described as thin (50− 100 nm) …

Broadband optical reflectors generally function through coherent scattering from systems
comprising one of three designs: overlapped; chirped; or chaotic multilayer reflectors. For …

Some species of fish are able to discriminate, in addition to intensity and wavelength (color),
the direction of polarization of visible light. Optical experiments on axially oriented retinal …