Two decades of turnover data were collected for the national legislature of twenty-five
industrialized countries. After a discussion of turnover's significance, we compare turnover …

This note reports research on membership turnover in the senates and houses of
legislatures in the fifty states. Contemporary rates of turnover are measured, factors that …

This study offers comprehensive data on the turnover of legislators in the fifty US states for
the past four-and-one-half decades. The data show that turnover rates vary substantially …

We first update Shin and Jackson's figures on turnover in state legislatures, showing a
continuation of the decline in numbers of new members. We then compare turnover in …

Despite Brazil's electoral laws, which would appear to encourage incumbency, legislative
turnover in Brazil consistently exceeds 50% with each election. In this article, I explain this …

Declining levels of turnout recently observed in some East European elections have
generated concerns about the performance of the newly emerging democracies. Theories …

Legislative careers can provide extremely useful information on political institutions, but only
if used wisely. For example, we cannot assume that the amount of membership turnover in a …

Recruitment to legislative office is one of the core functions of political systems, yet we know
little about how the process varies from one country to another. Passages to Power provides …

Germany has a mixed electoral system which combines a nominal vote with simple majority
in single-member districts and regional closed-list PR. Studies on the effects of electoral …

A regular Markov process relating a group's candidates to that group's proportion in a
legislature is specified with a set of assumptions and definitions. The model is relaxed to …