The main breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy was the discovery of immune checkpoint
(IC) proteins, which act as a potent suppressor of the immune system by a myriad of …

Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has become a promising therapeutic
strategy with encouraging therapeutic outcomes due to their durable anti-tumor effects …

Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the most mature treatment of
immunotherapy and have changed the mode of cancer treatment. Recent studies showed …

Tumor cells predominantly express self-antigens and overcoming self-tolerance is the
primary challenge to effective immunotherapy. Tumors also express ligands for co-inhibitory …

In recent years immune checkpoint inhibitors have garnered attention as being one of the
most promising types of immunotherapy on the horizon. There has been particular focus on …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made an indelible mark in the field of cancer
immunotherapy. Starting with the approval of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have emerged as a remarkable treatment option for
diverse cancer types. Currently, ICIs are approved for an expanding array of cancer …

Activating the immune system to eliminate cancer cells and produce clinically relevant
responses has been a long‐standing goal of cancer research. Most promising therapeutic …

The treatment of cancer has largely relied on killing tumor cells with nonspecific cytotoxic
therapies and radiotherapy. This approach, however, has limitations including severe …

Highlights•Anticancer drug resistance (ADR) is a primary clinical bottleneck for treatment of
cancers.•Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been revolutionized the treatment for …