Human innate immunity responds to viral infection by activating the production of interferons
(IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. The mitochondrial adaptor molecule MAVS plays a …

The transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB are required for the expression of many genes
involved in antiviral innate immune response, including type I interferons (IFNs) and …

Background Infections by viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
could cause organ inflammations such as myocarditis, pneumonia and encephalitis. Innate …

Innate immunity provides the first line of host defense against invading microbial pathogens.
This defense involves retinoic acid-inducible gene-I–like receptors that detect viral RNA and …

The innate immunity is critically important in protection against virus infections, and in the
case of RNA viral infections, the signaling mechanisms that initiate robust protective innate …

The signaling adaptor MAVS forms prion-like aggregates to activate an innate antiviral
immune response after viral infection. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate …

Ubiquitination is an essential mechanism in the control of antiviral immunity upon virus
infection. Here, we identify a series of ubiquitination-modulating enzymes that are …

The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 is a key factor in the innate immune response to RNA
viruses. TRIM25 has been shown to play a role in the retinoic-acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-I) …

Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), including melanoma
differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and RIG-I, are crucial for host recognition of non …

TRIM (tripartite motif) proteins are a family of RING (really interesting new gene) domain–
containing proteins comprising more than 70 human members, with new members still being …