Microglia provide immune surveillance for the brain through both the removal of cellular
debris and protection against infection by microorganisms and “foreign” molecules. Upon …

Background Increased reactive microglia are a histological characteristic of Parkinson's
disease (PD) brains, positively correlating with levels of deposited α-synuclein protein. This …

Recent findings in human samples and animal models support the involvement of
inflammation in the development of Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, it is currently …

Parkinson's disease, an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the
loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, the accumulation of α-synuclein in Lewy …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is histologically described by the deposition of α-synuclein, whose
accumulation in Lewy bodies causes dopaminergic neuronal death. Although most of PD …

The neurodegenerative process in Parkinson's disease (PD) is accompanied by the
presence of a neuroinflammatory response, which has been suggested as one of the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by widespread alpha-synuclein pathology and
neuronal loss, primarily of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Inflammation has been …

Neuroinflammation in Parkinson′ s disease (PD) is a chronic process that is associated
with alteration of glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia. However, the precise …

Background Cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates is thought to
contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and underlie the spread of α-syn …

Here we show that α-synuclein, a major constituent of Lewy bodies, induces inflammation in
human microglial and human THP-1 cells. Secretions from such stimulated THP-1 cells …