Brain cells normally respond adaptively to oxidative stress or bioenergetic challenges,
resulting from ongoing activity in neuronal circuits. During aging and in neurodegenerative …

Most age-related neurodegenerative diseases remain incurable owing to an incomplete
understanding of the disease mechanisms. Several environmental and genetic factors …

Oxidative stress (OS), caused by the imbalance between the generation and detoxification of
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), plays an important role in brain aging …

As part of the blood-brain-barrier, astrocytes are ideally positioned between cerebral
vasculature and neuronal synapses to mediate nutrient uptake from the systemic circulation …

Aging is a dynamic and progressive process that begins at conception and continues until
death. This process leads to a decrease in homeostasis and morphological, biochemical …

Converging evidence made clear that declining brain energetics contribute to aging and are
implicated in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as …

The main pathological feature of the neurodegenerative diseases is represented by
neuronal death that represents the final step of a cascade of adverse/hostile events. Early in …

During aging, the cellular milieu of the brain exhibits tell-tale signs of compromised
bioenergetics, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity and resilience, aberrant neuronal network …

Astrocytes play key roles in CNS development as well as well as neuro-supportive roles in
the mature brain including ionic, bioenergetic and redox homeostasis. Astrocytes undergo …

Increasing numbers of individuals, particularly the elderly, suffer from neurodegenerative
disorders. These diseases are normally characterized by progressive loss of neuron cells …