Automated annotation of digital pictures has been a highly challenging problem for
computer scientists since the invention of computers. The capability of annotating pictures by …

Dimensionality reduction of a feature set is a common preprocessing step used for pattern
recognition and classification applications. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of …

The availability of databases of images labeled with keywords is necessary for developing
and evaluating image annotation models. Dataset collection is however a costly and time …

Automatic image annotation is still an important open problem in multimedia and computer
vision. The success of media sharing websites has led to the availability of large collections …

Image annotations allow users to access a large image database with textual queries. There
have been several studies on automatic image annotation utilizing machine learning …

Automatically assigning keywords to images is of great interest as it allows one to index,
retrieve, and understand large collections of image data. Many techniques have been …

In this paper, a hierarchical classification framework has been proposed for bridging the
semantic gap effectively and achieving multi-level image annotation automatically. First, the …

Image annotation, the task of automatically generating description words for a picture, is a
key component in various image search and retrieval applications. Creating image …

In order to evaluate automated image annotation and object recognition algorithms, ground
truth in the form of a set of images correctly annotated with text describing each image is …

Automatically assigning keywords to images is of great interest as it allows one to retrieve,
index, organize and understand large collections of image data. Many techniques have …