This paper proposes that crisis can be denoted with a specific meaning applicable to
organizational behavior. A tentative series of interrelated propositions suggests how a crisis …

The ways organizations respond to crisis can be described in terms of the level of the
individual-short, intermediate, and long term-and the level of the organization as a whole …

Initially, a two part definition of organizational crisis is presented, related to their significance
and prevalence and reflecting either (a) opportunities to meet organizational goals or (b) …

This article presents a conceptual framework for describing organizational crises. Based
upon the assumption that a human system passes through several phases as it adapts to a …

On the basis of interviews with over 200 executives in more than 100 firms spanning a wide
variety of industries, four key factors that make an organiza tion either crisis-prone or crisis …

Crises are situations that threaten organizations' continued existence. Organizations
encounter crises largely because they did not adapt sufficiently to changes in their social or …

This paper describes an empirical study that examines the relationship between the type of
external environment in which a firm operates and the repertoire of strategic responses the …

Organizations are often unaware of some of the most important forces influ encing their
actions. This article expands on that general observation for the subject of man-made …

Introduction Much of social life is so structured that behavior occurs rather Most of the time,
established and standardized procedures routinely. are followed, manifesting themselves in …

Managers, consultants, and researchers have tradi-tionally focused on problems of financial
performance and growth, but have paid little heed to the effective management of corporate …